Name	Symbol	Atomic Number	Atomic Weight	Density at 293K (g/cm3)	Atomic Volume (cm3/mol)	Group	Year Discovered	State (s/l/g)	Electronegativity	Melting Point	Boiling Point	Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol)	Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol)	1st Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)	2nd Ionization Energy	3rd Ionization Energy (J/gK)	Shells	Electron Configuration	Min Oxidation Number	Max Oxidation Number	Min Common Oxidation #	Max Common Oxidation #	Structure	Color	Uses	Hardness (mohs)	Number of Isotopes	Atomic Radius (pm)	Thermal Conductivity (J/m-sec-deg)	Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm-cm)	Polarizability (A^3)	Source	Abundance (Solar System)	Abundance (Earth's Crust)	Cost (Pure Form)	Cost (Bulk)
Hydrogen	H	1	1.0079	0.0000899	14.4	Non-Metal	1766	g	2.2	14.06 K	20.4 K	0.05868	0.44936	2.2	72.7711e	14.304	1	1s1	-1	1	-1	1	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	colorless	rocket fuel		3	37.1	0.18		0.7	"Water, methane"	10.446 log	3.1 log	12 $/100g	$/100g
Helium	He	2	4.00260	0.0001787	?	Noble Gas	1895	g	no data	K	4.2 K	?	0.0845		0e	5.193	2	1s2	0	0	0	0		colorless	"cryogenics, blimps"		2	31	0.15		0.198	"Natural gas, air"	9.435 log	-2.1 log	5.2 $/100g	$/100g
Lithium	Li	3	6.94	0.53	13.10	Alkali Met.	1817	s	0.98	453.74 K	1620 K	3.00	145.920	0.98	59.63e	3.6	"2,1"	[He] 2s1	-1	1	0	1	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery	"batteries, lubricant"	0.6	2	152	84.8	107.8	24.3	Spodumene (silicate)	1.757 log	1.3 log	27 $/100g	$/100g
Beryllium	Be	4	9.01218	1.848	5.0	Alkali Earth	1797	s	1.57	1551.2 K	2773 K	12.20	292.40	1.57	kJ/mole	1.82	"2,2"	[He] 2s2	0	2	0	2	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	steel gray	"Cu alloys, X-ray windows"		1	112	201	250	5.6	Beryl (silicate)	-0.137 log	0.4 log	530 $/100g	59 $/100g
Boron	B	5	10.81	2.34	4.6	Non-Metal	1808	s	2.04	2352.2 K	3923.2 K	50.20	489.70	2.04	26.7e	1.02	"2,3"	[He] 2s2 2p1	0	3	0	3	special: B12 icosahedra	black	"borax, glass making(B2O3)"	9.5	2	85	27.4	0	3	Na and Ca borates (misc)	1.326 log	1 log	250 $/100g	$/100g
Carbon	C	6	12.011	2.62	4.58	"Non-Metal, Carbon group"	0	s	2.55	3823.2 K	K	?	355.80	2.55	121.85e	0.71	"2,4"	[He] 2s2 2p2	-4	4	-4	4	hexagonal layers	black	"fuel(coal), lubricant"	0.8	3	77.2	1.59	0.727	1.8	"Coal,Petroleum,Natural gas"	7.004 log	2.3 log	2.4 $/100g	$/100g
Nitrogen	N	7	14.0067	0.0012506	17.3	Non-Metal	1772	g	3.04	63.34 K	77.4 K	0.3604	2.7928	3.04	-6.75e	1.04	"2,5"	[He] 2s2 2p3	-3	5	-3	5		colorless	"fertilizer, cryogenics"		2	70	0.03	0	1.1	Air	6.496 log	1.3 log	0.4 $/100g	$/100g
Oxygen	O	8	15.9994	0.001429	14.0	"Non-Metal, Chalcogen"	1774	g	3.44	54.8 K	90.2 K	0.22259	3.4099	3.44	140.97875e	0.92	"2,6"	[He] 2s2 2p4	-2	2	-2	0		colorless	"rocket fuel, steel mfr."		3	73	0.03	0	0.793	Air	7.377 log	5.7 log	0.3 $/100g	$/100g
Fluorine	F	9	18.998403	0.001696	17.1	Halogen	1886	g	3.98	53.58 K	85.1 K	0.2552	3.2698	3.98	328e	0.82	"2,7"	[He] 2s2 2p5	-1	0	-1	0	layers of F2	colorless	"fluorocarbons, toothpaste"		1	72	0.03	0	0.634	Fluorite (misc)	2.926 log	2.8 log	190 $/100g	$/100g
Neon	Ne	10	20.17	0.0009	16.7	Noble Gas	1898	g	no data	24.53 K	27.1 K	0.3317	1.7326		kJ/mole	0.904	"2,8"	[He] 2s2 2p6	0	0	0	0	fcc: face-centered cubic	colorless	Neon signs		3	71	0.05	0	0.396	Air	6.537 log	-2.3 log	33 $/100g	$/100g
Sodium	Na	11	22.98977	0.971	23.7	Alkali Met.	1807	s	0.93	371.01 K	1154.6 K	2.598	96.960	0.93	52.868e	1.23	"2,8,1"	[Ne] 3s1	-1	1	0	1	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery	"lamps, table salt"	0.4	1	186	142	209.6	23.6	Halite (misc)	4.759 log	4.4 log	7 $/100g	$/100g
Magnesium	Mg	12	24.305	1.738	13.97	Alkali Earth	1808	s	1.31	922 K	1378 K	8.954	127.40	1.31	kJ/mole	1.02	"2,8,2"	[Ne] 3s2	0	2	0	2	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery	"alloys, flash bulbs"	2	3	160	156	224.719	10.6	"Seawater, magnesite"	6.031 log	4.4 log	3.7 $/100g	0.32 $/100g
Aluminum	Al	13	26.98154	2.702	10.0	Metal	1825	s	1.61	933.57 K	2740 K	10.790	293.40	1.61	42.6e	0.90	"2,8,3"	[Ne] 3s2 3p1	0	3	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery	"Al cans & foil,reflectors"	2.8	1	143	237	376.676	8.3	Bauxite (oxide)	4.929 log	4.9 log	1.8 $/100g	0.12 $/100g
Silicon	Si	14	28.0855	2.33	12.1	"Non-Metal, Carbon group"	1824	s	1.9	1683.2 K	3553 K	50.550	384.220	1.9	133.6e	0.71	"2,8,4"	[Ne] 3s2 3p2	-4	4	-4	4	diamond	gray-black	"comp chip,lubricant,glass"	7	3	117.6	149	0.012	5.4	Quartz (oxide)	6.000 log	5.5 log	5.4 $/100g	0.14 $/100g
Phosphorus	P	15	30.97376	1.82	17.0	"Non-Metal, Nitrogen group"	1669	s	2.19	317.3 K	553.7 K	0.657	12.129	2.19	72.07e	0.77	"2,8,5"	[Ne] 3s2 3p3	-3	5	-3	5	special: P4 tetrahedra	white-yellow	"fertilizer, detergents"	0.5	1	110	0.24	0	3.6	Apatite (phosphate)	4.017 log	3 log	4 $/100g	$/100g
Sulfur	S	16	32.06	2.07	15.5	"Non-Metal, Chalcogen"	0	s	2.58	386 K	717.9 K	1.7175	?	2.58	200.4144e	0.71	"2,8,6"	[Ne] 3s2 3p4	-2	6	-2	6	S8 rings	yellow(pale)	"rubber, batteries (H2SO4)"	2	4	103	0.27	0	2.9	"Sulfur,pyrite,natural gas"	5.712 log	2.4 log	24 $/100g	$/100g
Chlorine	Cl	17	35.453	0.003214	22.7	Halogen	1774	g	3.16	172.22 K	239.2 K	3.203	10.20	3.16	349e	0.48	"2,8,7"	[Ne] 3s2 3p5	-1	7	-1	7	layers of Cl2	greenish-yellow	"bleach (NaOCl), PVC pipe"		2	100	0.01	0	2.2	"Halite, brine (misc)"	3.719 log	2.1 log	0.15 $/100g	$/100g
Argon	Ar	18	39.948	0.0017824	28.5	Noble Gas	1894	g	no data	84 K	87.3 K	1.188	6.447		kJ/mole	0.520	"2,8,8"	[Ne] 3s2 3p6	0	0	0	0	fcc: face-centered cubic	colorless	"lasers, light bulbs"		3	98	0.02	0	1.586	Air	5.004 log	0.5 log	0.5 $/100g	$/100g
Potassium	K	19	39.0983	0.862	45.46	Alkali Met.	1807	s	0.82	336.5 K	1038.7 K	2.334	79.870	0.82	48.385e	0.75	"2,8,8,1"	[Ar] 4s1	0	1	0	1	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	"fertilizer, low-Na salt"	0.5	3	227	102.5	138.9	43.4	"Sylvite, carnallite (misc)"	3.576 log	4.3 log	85 $/100g	$/100g
Calcium	Ca	20	40.08	1.55	29.9	Alkali Earth	1808	s	1	1112.2 K	1767 K	8.540	153.60	1	kJ/mole	0.63	"2,8,8,2"	[Ar] 4s2	0	2	0	2	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	"lime, cement"	1.5	6	197	201	255.754	22.8	Calcite (oxide)	4.786 log	4.65 log	11 $/100g	$/100g
Scandium	Sc	21	44.9559	3.0	15.0	Trans. Met.	1879	s	1.36	1812.2 K	3021 K	14.10	314.20	1.36	18.1e	0.6	"2,8,9,2"	[Ar] 3d1 4s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	no significant uses		1	162	15.8	19.2	17.8	U extractn by-product	1.534 log	1.3 log	1400 $/100g	$/100g
Titanium	Ti	22	47.90	4.50	10.64	Trans. Met.	1791	s	1.54	1933.2 K	3558 K	15.450	421.00	1.54	7.6e	0.52	"2,8,10,2"	[Ar] 3d2 4s2	-1	4	0	4	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	gray	"steel,white pigment(TiO2)"		5	147	21.9	23.81	14.6	"Ilmenite, rutile(oxide)"	3.380 log	3.8 log	6.1 $/100g	$/100g
Vanadium	V	23	50.9415	5.8	8.78	Trans. Met.	1830	s	1.63	2163.2 K	3623 K	20.90	0.452	1.63	50.7e	0.49	"2,8,11,2"	[Ar] 3d3 4s2	-1	5	0	5	bcc: body-centered cubic	bright white	"tool steel, V2O5 catalyst"		2	134	30.7	39.37	12.4	"U, Pb vanadates (misc)"	2.467 log	2.1 log	220 $/100g	$/100g
Chromium	Cr	24	51.996	7.19	7.23	Trans. Met.	1798	s	1.66	2130.2 K	2963 K	16.90	344.30	1.66	64.3e	0.45	"2,8,13,1"	[Ar] 3d5 4s1	-2	6	0	6	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	"CrO2 tape, paint, steel"	9	4	128	93.9	77.519	11.6	Chromite (oxide)	4.130 log	2 log	10 $/100g	$/100g
Manganese	Mn	25	54.9380	7.43	7.39	Trans. Met.	1774	s	1.55	1517.2 K	2333 K	12.050	226.0	1.55	kJ/mole	0.48	"2,8,13,2"	[Ar] 3d5 4s2	-3	7	0	7	special:complex (cubic)	gray-white	"steel, dry cells(MnO2)"	5	1	127	7.81	5.405	9.4	"Pyrolusite,psilomelane(oxide)"	3.980 log	3 log	1.7 $/100g	$/100g
Iron	Fe	26	55.847	7.86	7.1	Trans. Met.	0	s	1.83	1808.2 K	3023 K	13.80	349.60	1.9	15.7e	0.44	"2,8,14,2"	[Ar] 3d6 4s2	-2	6	0	3	bcc: body-centered cubic	gray	steel	4.5	4	126	72.8	102.987	8.4	"Hematite,magnetite(oxide)"	5.954 log	4.8 log	6.7 $/100g	0.021 $/100g
Cobalt	Co	27	58.9332	8.90	6.7	Trans. Met.	1737	s	1.88	1768.2 K	3373 K	16.190	376.50	1.88	63.8e	0.42	"2,8,15,2"	[Ar] 3d7 4s2	-1	5	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	bluish-white	"magnets, Co glass (blue)"		1	125	100	160.256	7.5	Co sulfides & arsenides	3.352 log	1.4 log	21 $/100g	$/100g
Nickel	Ni	28	58.71	8.90	6.59	Trans. Met.	1751	s	1.91	1726.2 K	3193 K	17.470	370.40	1.91	111.5e	0.44	"2,8,16,2"	[Ar] 3d8 4s2	-1	4	0	2	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	"alloys, coins, batteries"		5	124	90.9	146.199	6.8	"sulfides, oxide/silicates"	4.693 log	1.9 log	7.7 $/100g	0.76 $/100g
Copper	Cu	29	63.546	8.96	7.1	Trans. Met.	0	s	1.9	1356.6 K	2843 K	13.050	300.30	1.95	118.5e	0.38	"2,8,18,1"	[Ar] 3d10 4s1	0	4	0	2	fcc: face-centered cubic	orange-red	"wire, bronze, coins"	2.75	2	128	401	595.8	6.7	"Cu pyrite,chalcocite(sulfide)"	2.718 log	1.7 log	2.7 $/100g	0.24 $/100g
Zinc	Zn	30	65.38	7.14	9.2	Trans. Met.	1600	s	1.65	692.78 K	1180 K	7.322	115.30	1.65	kJ/mole	0.39	"2,8,18,2"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2	0	2	0	2	distorted hcp structure	silvery	"batteries, galvanizing"	2.5	5	134	116	169.033	6.4	Sphalerite (sulfide)	3.100 log	1.79 log	3.7 $/100g	0.12 $/100g
Gallium	Ga	31	69.723	5.907	11.8	Metal	1875	s	1.81	302.98 K	2676 K	5.590	258.70	1.81	30e	0.37	"2,8,18,3"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1	0	3	0	3	special: complex	silvery-blue	"photocells, transistors"	1.5	2	135	48.3	57.471	8.1	Bauxite (oxide)	1.577 log	1.2 log	220 $/100g	$/100g
Germanium	Ge	32	72.59	5.323	13.6	"Metal, Carbon group"	1886	s	2.01	1210.6 K	3123 K	36.940	330.90	2.01	120e	0.32	"2,8,18,4"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2	-4	4	-4	4	diamond	gray-black	"transistor, wide-ang lens"		5	122.3	60.2	0	6.1	Zn smelting by-product	2.076 log	0.7 log	360 $/100g	$/100g
Arsenic	As	33	74.9216	5.72	13.1	"Non-Metal, Nitrogen group"	1600	s	2.18	886 K	K	?	34.760	2.18	78e	0.33	"2,8,18,5"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3	-3	5	-3	5	rhombohedral	gray	"photocells (GaAs), poisons"	3.5	1	120	50.2	30.03	4.3	"Arsenopyrite, enargite (misc)"	0.817 log	0.3 log	320 $/100g	$/100g
Selenium	Se	34	78.96	4.79	16.45	"Non-Metal, Chalcogen"	1818	s	2.55	490.2 K	958 K	6.694	37.70	2.55	194.97e	0.32	"2,8,18,6"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4	-2	6	-2	6	parallel chains	black	"Xerography, medicines"	2	6	119	0.52	0	3.8	Cu smelting by-product	1.793 log	-1.3 log	14 $/100g	$/100g
Bromine	Br	35	79.904	3.119	23.5	Halogen	1826	l	2.96	266 K	332.7 K	5.286	15.438	2.96	324.7e	0.473	"2,8,18,7"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5	-1	7	-1	5	layers of Br2	red-brown	"pesticides,photography"		2	114	0.12	0	3.1	"Seawater, brines"	1.072 log	0.4 log	4.9 $/100g	$/100g
Krypton	Kr	36	83.80	0.003708	38.9	Noble Gas	1898	g	3	116.6 K	119.7 K	1.638	9.029	3	kJ/mole	0.248	"2,8,18,8"	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6	0	2	0	2	fcc: face-centered cubic	colorless	"lamps, UV-laser"		6	112	0.01	0	2.5	Air	1.653 log	-4 log	33 $/100g	$/100g
Rubidium	Rb	37	85.467	1.53	55.9	Alkali Met.	1861	s	0.82	312.09 K	961 K	2.192	72.216	0.82	46.885e	0.363	"2,8,18,8,1"	[Kr] 5s1	0	1	0	1	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	photocells	0.3	2	248	58.2	77.9	47.3	Li extractn by-product	0.851 log	2 log	1200 $/100g	$/100g
Strontium	Sr	38	87.62	2.6	33.7	Alkali Earth	1808	s	0.95	1042.2 K	1654 K	8.30	144.0	0.95	kJ/mole	0.30	"2,8,18,8,2"	[Kr] 5s2	0	2	0	2	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery	fireworks (red flame)	1.8	4	215	35.4	43.478	27.6	Celestite (sulfide)	1.371 log	2.6 log	100 $/100g	$/100g
Yttrium	Y	39	88.9059	4.47	19.8	Trans. Met.	1794	s	1.22	1796.2 K	3537 K	11.40	363.0	1.22	29.6e	0.30	"2,8,18,9,2"	[Kr] 4d1 5s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery	"YAG laser, TV phosphor"		1	180	17.2	16.9	22.7	xenotime (phosphate)	0.667 log	1.51 log	220 $/100g	$/100g
Zirconium	Zr	40	91.22	6.4	14.1	Trans. Met.	1789	s	1.33	2125.2 K	4473 K	16.90	58.20	1.33	41.1e	0.27	"2,8,18,10,2"	[Kr] 4d2 5s2	0	4	0	4	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	grayish-white	"deodorants, fuel rod clad"		5	160	22.7	25	17.9	Zircon (silicate)	1.057 log	2.24 log	16 $/100g	16 $/100g
Niobium	Nb	41	92.9064	8.57	10.87	Trans. Met.	1801	s	1.6	2741.2 K	5031 K	26.40	682.0	1.6	86.2e	0.26	"2,8,18,12,1"	[Kr] 4d4 5s1	-1	5	0	5	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	"stainless steels, magnets"		1	146	53.7	80	15.7	columbite (oxide)	-0.156 log	1.3 log	18 $/100g	$/100g
Molybdenum	Mo	42	95.94	10.2	9.4	Trans. Met.	1781	s	2.16	2890.2 K	4923 K	32.0	598.0	2.24	72e	0.25	"2,8,18,13,1"	[Kr] 4d5 5s1	-2	6	0	6	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	"catalysts, tool steel"		7	139	138	192.308	12.8	Molybdenite (sulfide)	0.407 log	0.2 log	11 $/100g	$/100g
Technetium	Tc	43	98.9062	11.5	8.5	Trans. Met.	1939	s	1.9	2445.2 K	4840 K	24.0	660.0	1.9	53e	0.21	"2,8,18,14,1"	[Kr] 4d5 5s2	-3	7	0	7	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery gray	medical imaging agents		0	136	50.6		11.4	Synthetic (U fission)	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Ruthenium	Ru	44	101.07	12.2	8.3	Trans. Met.	1844	s	2.2	2583.2 K	4323 K	24.0	595.0	2.2	101e	0.238	"2,8,18,15,1"	[Kr] 4d7 5s1	-2	8	0	4	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	catalysts	6.5	7	134	117	131.579	9.6	nickel ores (sulfides)	0.270 log	-3 log	1400 $/100g	$/100g
Rhodium	Rh	45	102.9055	12.4	8.3	Trans. Met.	1803	s	2.28	2238.2 K	4033 K	21.50	493.0	2.28	109.7e	0.242	"2,8,18,16,1"	[Kr] 4d8 5s1	-1	6	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	"catalysts, elec. contacts"		1	134	150	221.729	8.6	nickel ores (sulfides)	-0.463 log	-3 log	13000 $/100g	$/100g
Palladium	Pd	46	106.4	12.02	8.9	Trans. Met.	1803	s	2.2	1827.2 K	3213 K	17.60	357.0	2.2	53.7e	0.24	"2,8,18,18"	[Kr] 4d10	0	4	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	"catalysts, dental crowns"	4.8	6	137	71.8	94.8	4.8	nickel ores (sulfides)	0.143 log	-2 log	15 $/100g	290 $/100g
Silver	Ag	47	107.868	10.5	10.3	Trans. Met.	0	s	1.93	1235.1 K	2428 K	11.30	250.580	1.93	125.6e	0.235	"2,8,18,18,1"	[Kr] 4d10 5s1	0	3	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery	"film(AgBr),coins,jewelry"	3.25	2	144	429	630.5	7.9	Argentite (sulfide)	-0.313 log	-1.2 log	120 $/100g	14 $/100g
Cadmium	Cd	48	112.41	8.65	13.1	Trans. Met.	1817	s	1.69	594.1 K	1038 K	6.192	99.570	1.69	kJ/mole	0.23	"2,8,18,18,2"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2	0	2	0	2	distorted hcp structure	bluish-white	"battery,yel. pigment(CdS)"	2	8	151	96.9	146.413	7.2	Sphalerite (sulfide)	0.207 log	-0.7 log	6 $/100g	$/100g
Indium	In	49	114.82	7.31	15.7	Metal	1863	s	1.78	429.81 K	2353 K	3.263	231.50	1.78	30e	0.23	"2,8,18,18,3"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1	0	3	0	3	distorted fcc structure	silvery-white	"transistors, photocells"	1.2	2	167	81.8	119.474	9.7	Zn/Pb smelting by-product	-0.735 log	-1 log	120 $/100g	$/100g
Tin	Sn	50	118.69	7.30	16.3	"Metal, Carbon group"	0	s	1.96	505.168 K	2896 K	7.029	295.80	1.88	120e	0.227	"2,8,18,18,4"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2	-4	4	0	4	distorted diamond	silvery-white	"solder, pewter, bronze"	1.65	10	140.5	66.8	90.909	7.7	Cassiterite (oxide)	0.582 log	0.3 log	8 $/100g	0.83 $/100g
Antimony	Sb	51	121.75	6.684	18.23	"Metal, Nitrogen group"	1600	s	2.05	903.94 K	1860 K	19.870	77.140	2.05	103e	0.21	"2,8,18,18,5"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3	-3	5	0	5	rhombohedral	bluish-white	"Pb alloy(battery), dyeing"	3.15	2	140	24.4	25.641	6.6	Stibnite (sulfide)	-0.510 log	-0.7 log	4.5 $/100g	0.44 $/100g
Tellurium	Te	52	127.60	6.24	20.5	"Non-Metal, Chalcogen"	1783	s	2.1	722.7 K	1263 K	17.490	52.550	2.1	190.16e	0.20	"2,8,18,18,6"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4	-2	6	0	6	parallel chains	silvery	"semiconductors, steel"	2.3	8	142	11.54	0	5.5	Zn/Pb smelting by-product	0.682 log	-3 log	24 $/100g	$/100g
Iodine	I	53	126.9045	4.93	25.74	Halogen	1811	s	2.66	386.7 K	458.4 K	7.824	20.752	2.66	295.16e	0.214	"2,8,18,18,7"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5	-1	7	0	7	layers of I2	bluish-black	"nutrient, antiseptic"		1	133	0.45	0	5	"Brines, Chilean nitrate (misc)"	-0.046 log	-0.3 log	8.3 $/100g	$/100g
Xenon	Xe	54	131.30	0.00588	37.3	Noble Gas	1898	g	2.6	161.3 K	165 K	2.297	12.636	2.6	kJ/mole	0.158	"2,8,18,18,8"	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6	0	8	0	6	fcc: face-centered cubic	colorless	"UV-laser, hi intens lamps"		9	131	0.01	0	4	Air	0.672 log	-4.5 log	120 $/100g	$/100g
Cesium	Cs	55	132.9054	1.873	71.07	Alkali Met.	1860	s	0.79	301.6 K	978 K	2.092	67.740	0.79	45.506e	0.24	"2,8,18,18,8,1"	[Xe] 6s1	0	1	0	1	bcc: body-centered cubic	yellow/silvery	"photocells, IR lamps"	0.2	1	265	35.9	48.9	59.6	Li extractn by-product	-0.429 log	0 log	1100 $/100g	$/100g
Barium	Ba	56	137.33	3.51	39.24	Alkali Earth	1808	s	0.89	998.2 K	2123 K	7.750	142.0	0.89	kJ/mole	0.204	"2,8,18,18,8,2"	[Xe] 6s2	0	2	0	2	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	X-ray imaging agnt(BaSO4)		7	222	18.4		39.7	Barite (sulfate)	0.652 log	2.6 log	55 $/100g	$/100g
Lanthanum	La	57	138.9055	6.7	20.73	Trans. Met.	1839	s	1.1	1193.2 K	3693 K	6.20	414.0	1.1	50e	0.19	"2,8,18,18,9,2"	[Xe] 5d1 6s2	0	3	0	3	cp: close packed (ABCB)	silvery-white	"lighter flints, CRTs"		2	187	13.4	14.2	31.1	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.351 log	1.5 log	64 $/100g	$/100g
Cerium	Ce	58	140.12	6.78	20.67	"Rare Earth, Lanthanide series"	1803	s	1.12	1071.2 K	3743 K	5.460	414.0	1.12	50e	0.19	"2,8,18,20,8,2"	[Xe] 4f2 6s2	0	4	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	self-cleaning ovens(CeO2)		4	182	11.3	13.333	29.6	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	0.055 log	1.8 log	57 $/100g	$/100g
Praseodymium	Pr	59	140.9077	6.77	20.8	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1885	s	1.13	1204.2 K	3293 K	6.890	296.80	1.13	50e	0.19	"2,8,18,21,8,2"	[Xe] 4f3 6s2	0	4	0	3	cp: close packed (ABCB)	silvery-white	"alloys, Welder's mask"		1	182	12.5	14.706	28.2	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.778 log	0.9 log	170 $/100g	$/100g
Neodymium	Nd	60	144.24	7.0	20.6	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1885	s	1.14	1283.2 K	3300 K	7.140	273.0	1.14	50e	0.19	"2,8,18,22,8,2"	[Xe] 4f4 6s2	0	3	0	3	cp: close packed (ABCB)	silvery-white	"alloys, Welder's mask"		7	181	16.5	15.4	31.4	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.082 log	1.4 log	110 $/100g	$/100g
Promethium	Pm	61	(145)	6.475	22.39	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1945	s	no data	1353.2 K	K	?	?	1.15	50e	0.18	"2,8,18,23,8,2"	[Xe] 4f5 6s2	0	3	0	3	cp: close packed (ABCB)	silvery-white	nuclear battery		0	183	17.9		30.1	Synthetic	log	-19.3 log	$/100g	$/100g
Samarium	Sm	62	150.4	7.54	19.95	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1880	s	1.17	1345.2 K	2073 K	8.630	166.40	1.17	50e	0.20	"2,8,18,24,8,2"	[Xe] 4f6 6s2	0	3	0	3	cp: cls pkd (ABCBCACAB)	silvery-white	"alloys, headphones"		7	180	13.3	11	28.8	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.588 log	0.8 log	130 $/100g	$/100g
Europium	Eu	63	151.96	5.259	28.9	Rare Earth	1901	s	no data	1095.2 K	1712 K	9.210	143.50	1.12	50e	0.18	"2,8,18,25,8,2"	[Xe] 4f7 6s2	0	3	0	3	bcc: body-centered cubic	silvery-white	"alloys, color TV phosphor"		2	208	13.9	11	27.7	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-1.012 log	0.1 log	3600 $/100g	$/100g
Gadolinium	Gd	64	157.25	7.895	19.9	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1880	s	1.2	1584.2 K	3273 K	10.050	359.40	1.17	50e	0.23	"2,8,18,25,9,2"	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	"alloys, CD disk"		7	180	10.5	7.9	23.5	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.481 log	0.7 log	191 $/100g	$/100g
Terbium	Tb	65	158.9254	8.27	19.2	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1843	s	no data	1633.2 K	3073 K	10.80	330.90	1.21	50e	0.18	"2,8,18,27,8,2"	[Xe] 4f9 6s2	0	4	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	alloys		1	177	11.1	8.8	25.5	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-1.220 log	0 log	1800 $/100g	$/100g
Dysprosium	Dy	66	162.50	8.536	19.0	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1886	s	1.22	1682.2 K	2873 K	11.060	230.0	1.2	50e	0.17	"2,8,18,28,8,2"	[Xe] 4f10 6s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	"alloys, CD disk"		7	178	10.7	10	24.5	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.404 log	0.5 log	210 $/100g	$/100g
Holmium	Ho	67	164.9304	8.80	18.7	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1879	s	1.23	1743.2 K	2873 K	12.20	241.0	1.23	50e	0.16	"2,8,18,29,8,2"	[Xe] 4f11 6s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	alloys		1	176	16.2	11.4	23.6	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-1.051 log	0.1 log	740 $/100g	$/100g
Erbium	Er	68	167.26	9.05	18.4	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1843	s	1.24	1795.2 K	3173 K	19.90	261.0	1.24	50e	0.17	"2,8,18,30,8,2"	[Xe] 4f12 6s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	"alloys, photogr. filter"		6	176	14.5	14.1	22.7	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.601 log	0.4 log	270 $/100g	$/100g
Thulium	Tm	69	168.9342	9.33	18.1	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1879	s	1.25	1818.2 K	2000 K	16.840	191.0	1.25	50e	0.16	"2,8,18,31,8,2"	[Xe] 4f13 6s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	alloys		1	176	16.9	13.5	21.8	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-1.423 log	-0.3 log	4100 $/100g	$/100g
Ytterbium	Yb	70	173.04	6.98	24.79	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1879	s	no data	1097.2 K	1700 K	7.660	128.90	1.21	50e	0.15	"2,8,18,32,8,2"	[Xe] 4f14 6s2	0	3	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	alloys		7	193	34.9	35.7	21	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-0.606 log	0.5 log	530 $/100g	$/100g
Lutetium	Lu	71	174.96	9.85	17.78	"Rare Earth, Lanthanides"	1907	s	1.27	1929.2 K	3600 K	18.60	355.90	1.27	50e	0.15	"2,8,18,32,9,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	alloys		2	174	16.4	16.7	21.9	"Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite"	-1.435 log	-0.3 log	6900 $/100g	$/100g
Hafnium	Hf	72	178.49	13.2	13.6	Trans. Met.	1923	s	1.3	2495.2 K	4723 K	24.060	575.0	1.3	0e	0.14	"2,8,18,32,10,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2	0	4	0	4	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery	nuclear control rods		6	159	23.2	28.49	16.2	Zircon (silicate)	-0.812 log	0.4 log	120 $/100g	$/100g
Tantalum	Ta	73	180.947	16.6	10.90	Trans. Met.	1802	s	1.5	3269.2 K	5807 K	31.60	743.0	1.5	31.1e	0.14	"2,8,18,32,11,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2	-1	5	0	5	bcc: body-centered cubic	gray	"surg. implants,heat exch."		2	146	57.5	80.321	13.1	Tantalite (oxide)	-1.684 log	0.3 log	120 $/100g	$/100g
Tungsten	W	74	183.85	19.3	9.53	Trans. Met.	1783	s	2.36	3683.2 K	5773 K	35.40	824.0	2.36	78.6e	0.13	"2,8,18,32,12,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2	-2	6	0	6	bcc: body-centered cubic	bluish-gray	"WC drill bits, bulb wire"		5	139	173	176.991	11.1	"Scheelite,wolframite(oxide)"	-0.876 log	0.2 log	11 $/100g	$/100g
Rhenium	Re	75	186.207	21.0	8.85	Trans. Met.	1925	s	1.9	3453.2 K	5923 K	33.20	715.0	1.9	14e	0.13	"2,8,18,32,13,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2	-3	7	0	4	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	silvery-white	"catalysts, thermocouples"		2	137	48	51.813	9.7	Molybdenite (sulfide)	-1.287 log	-2.3 log	540 $/100g	$/100g
Osmium	Os	76	190.2	22.40	8.49	Trans. Met.	1804	s	2.2	3318.2 K	5298 K	31.80	746.0	2.2	110e	0.13	"2,8,18,32,14,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2	-2	8	0	4	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	bluish-white	"hard alloys,phono needles"	7	7	135	87.6	105.263	8.5	nickel ores (sulfides)	-0.171 log	-2.8 log	7700 $/100g	$/100g
Iridium	Ir	77	192.22	22.42	8.54	Trans. Met.	1804	s	2.2	2683.2 K	4823 K	26.10	604.0	2.2	151e	0.130	"2,8,18,32,15,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2	-1	6	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	white	Pt/Ir sparkplugs	6.25	2	136	147	188.679	7.6	nickel ores (sulfides)	-0.180 log	-3 log	4200 $/100g	$/100g
Platinum	Pt	78	195.09	21.45	9.10	Trans. Met.	1748	s	2.28	2045.2 K	4443 K	19.60	510.0	2.28	205.3e	0.13	"2,8,18,32,17,1"	[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1	0	6	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	"jewelry, catalysts"	4.3	6	139	71.6	94.34	6.5	nickel ores (sulfides)	0.127 log	-2.3 log	4700 $/100g	1200 $/100g
Gold	Au	79	196.9665	19.32	10.2	Trans. Met.	0	s	2.54	1337.63 K	3081 K	12.550	334.40	2.54	222.752e	0.128	"2,8,18,32,18,1"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1	-1	5	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	golden yellow	"jewelry, electronics"	2.75	1	144	318	446.4	6.1	"Gold, gold bearing rock (misc)"	-0.728 log	-2.4 log	4400 $/100g	1200 $/100g
Mercury	Hg	80	200.59	13.546	14.82	Trans. Met.	0	l	2	234.33 K	630 K	2.295	59.229	2	kJ/mole	0.139	"2,8,18,32,18,2"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2	0	2	0	2	rhombohedral	silvery-white	"amalgams, Cl2, NaOH prod."		7	151	8.3	10.163	5.4	Cinnabar (sulfide)	-0.469 log	-1.1 log	5 $/100g	0.51 $/100g
Thallium	Tl	81	204.37	11.85	17.2	Metal	1861	s	1.62	576.7 K	1730 K	4.142	164.10	1.83	20e	0.13	"2,8,18,32,18,3"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1	0	3	0	3	hcp: hexagonal close pkd	bluish-gray	"IR detectors, photomult."	1.2	2	170	46.1	55.556	7.6	Zn/Pb smelting by-product	-0.735 log	-0.3 log	48 $/100g	$/100g
Lead	Pb	82	207.2	11.34	18.17	"Metal, Carbon group"	0	s	2.33	600.702 K	2024 K	4.799	177.70	2.1	35.1e	0.13	"2,8,18,32,18,4"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2	-4	4	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	gray	"batteries, solder, paints"	1.5	4	146	35.3	48.431	6.8	Galena (sulfide)	0.498 log	1.1 log	1.5 $/100g	0.077 $/100g
Bismuth	Bi	83	208.9804	9.8	21.3	"Metal, Nitrogen group"	1600	s	2.02	544.5 K	1837 K	11.30	104.80	2.02	91.3e	0.12	"2,8,18,32,18,5"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3	-3	5	0	3	rhombohedral	white	"antacid, fusible alloy"	2.5	1	150	7.92	9.363	7.4	Pb smelting by-product	-0.842 log	-0.8 log	11 $/100g	$/100g
Polonium	Po	84	(209)	9.4	22.23	"Metal, Chalcogen"	1898	s	2	527.2 K	1235 K	?	?	2	180e	0.12	"2,8,18,32,18,6"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4	-2	6	-2	4	special: simple cubic	blue glow	thermoelectric power		1	168	J/m-sec-deg		6.8	"pitchblende, synthetic"	log	-9.7 log	$/100g	$/100g
Astatine	At	85	(210)	?	?	Halogen	1940	s	2.2	575.2 K	K	?	?	2.2	270e	?	"2,8,18,32,18,7"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5	-1	7	-1	1					0	pm	J/m-sec-deg		6	Synthetic(Th or U decay)	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Radon	Rn	86	(222)	0.00973	50.5	Noble Gas	1900	g	no data	202.2 K	211 K	2.890	16.40		kJ/mole	0.09	"2,8,18,32,18,8"	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6	0	0	0	0		colorless	earthquake prediction		0	pm	0	0	5.3	Synthetic(Ra-226 decay)	log	-12.4 log	$/100g	$/100g
Francium	Fr	87	(223)	?	?	Alkali Met.	1939	s	0.7	300.2 K	K	?	?	0.7	kJ/mole	?	"2,8,18,32,18,8,1"	[Rn] 7s1	0	1	0	1					1	pm	J/m-sec-deg		48.7	Synthetic(U-235 decay)	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Radium	Ra	88	226.0254	5	45.20	Alkali Earth	1898	s	0.9	973.2 K	1973 K	?	?	0.9	kJ/mole	0.12	"2,8,18,32,18,8,2"	[Rn] 7s2	0	2	0	2	bcc: body-centered cubic	white	neutron source		4	pm	18.6		38.3	pitchblende(U-238 decay)	log	-6 log	$/100g	$/100g
Actinium	Ac	89	(227)	10.07	22.54	Trans. Met.	1899	s	1.1	1323.2 K	2743 K	?	?	1.1	kJ/mole	?	"2,8,18,32,18,9,2"	[Rn] 6d1 7s2	0	3	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	thermoelectric power		2	pm	J/m-sec-deg		32.1	Synthetic(U-235 decay)	log	-9.3 log	$/100g	$/100g
Thorium	Th	90	232.0381	11.7	19.9	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1829	s	1.3	2023.2 K	5123 K	16.10	514.40	1.3	kJ/mole	0.12	"2,8,18,32,18,10,2"	[Rn] 6d2 7s2	0	4	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	white	gas mantles (ThO2)		3	179	54	76.923	32.1	"Monazite(phosphate),U extractn"	-1.475 log	1 log	$/100g	$/100g
Protactinium	Pa	91	231.0359	15.4	15.0	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1917	s	1.5	1873.2 K	4500 K	12.30	?	1.5	kJ/mole	0.12	"2,8,18,32,20,9,2"	[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2	0	5	0	5	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery			1	163	J/m-sec-deg		25.4	Synthetic(U-235 decay)	log	-5.9 log	$/100g	$/100g
Uranium	U	92	238.029	18.9	12.59	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1789	s	1.38	1405.2 K	4203 K	8.520	477.0	1.7	kJ/mole	0.12	"2,8,18,32,21,9,2"	[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2	0	6	0	6	hcp:hex cls pkd distorted	silvery	nuclear reactor fuel		3	156	27.5	33.333	27.4	Uranite (oxide)	-2.046 log	0.4 log	$/100g	$/100g
Neptunium	Np	93	237.0482	20.45	11.62	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1940	s	1.36	913.2 K	4175 K	5.190	?	1.3	kJ/mole	0.12	"2,8,18,32,23,8,2"	[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2	0	7	0	5	special:complex	silvery			0	155	6.3		24.8	Synthetic	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Plutonium	Pu	94	(244)	19.8	12.32	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1940	s	1.28	914.2 K	3503 K	2.840	344.0	1.3	kJ/mole	0.13	"2,8,18,32,24,8,2"	[Rn] 5f6 7s2	0	7	0	4	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery	"weapon fuel, pacemakers"		0	159	6.3	7.072	24.5	Synthetic	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Americium	Am	95	(243)	13.6	17.86	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1944	s	1.3	1267.2 K	2873 K	14.40	?	1.3	kJ/mole	0.11	"2,8,18,32,25,8,2"	[Rn] 5f7 7s2	0	6	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	smoke detector		0	173	J/m-sec-deg		23.3	Synthetic	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Curium	Cm	96	(247)	13.5	18.28	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1944	s	1.3	1613.2 K	K	15.0	?	1.3	kJ/mole	?	"2,8,18,32,25,9,2"	[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2	0	4	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery-white	"thermoelec. pwr, n source"		0	174	J/m-sec-deg		23	Synthetic	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Berkelium	Bk	97	(247)	?	?	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1949	s	1.3	1259.2 K	K	?	?	1.3	kJ/mole	?	"2,8,18,32,26,9,2"	[Rn] 5f9 7s2	0	4	0	3	fcc: face-centered cubic	silvery			0	170	J/m-sec-deg		22.7	Synthetic	log	log	$/100g	$/100g
Californium	Cf	98	(251)	?	?	"Rare Earth, Actinides"	1949		1.3	1173.2 K	K	?	?	1.3	kJ/mole	?	"2,8,18,32,28,8,2"	[Rn] 5f10 7																		